Keywords
Etiology
factors
How to Cite
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) presented as hair loss, is a health problem, and one of the most common reasons in dermatology consultations. Nevertheless, the etiology of AA is unknown, arousing interest due to its complex nature and the need to find precise etiological factors to develop the disease. In this context, this article aims to gather updated information on the etiological factors of AA. The psychological, environmental, and generic immunological susceptibility etiological factors were described from a literature review of 34 references. On one hand, genetic factors are related to familial predisposition while genetic polymorphism and psychological factors are related to stress. On the other hand, immunological factors are recognized as one of the most important in the development of AA, due to the presence of a follicular infiltrate mainly composed of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, dermatologists must conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the patient, considering all etiological factors to provide the best therapeutic alternative.
References
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