Keywords
Frailty
Polypharmacy
Multimorbidity
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
Fall Prevention
Activities Of Daily Living (Adl)
Deprescribing
Cognitive Impairment
Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL)
How to Cite
Abstract
Geriatric syndromes are considered health problems that arise from multisystem deterioration in vulnerable older adults, and are associated with decreased autonomy, reduced quality of life, and loss of functional capacity. The aim of the present study was to examine and synthesize the available evidence on the main geriatric syndromes, including their prevalence, etiology, risk factors, characteristics, and preventive strategies. A narrative literature review was conducted using 74 scientific articles retrieved from PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, published between 2015 and 2025 in Spanish and English. The reviewed literature revealed that geriatric syndromes share common features and exert significant effects on physical, mental, and social domains. The most prevalent syndromes include immobility, postural instability and falls, urinary and fecal incontinence, cognitive impairment and dementia, frailty, polypharmacy, and depression. Due to their predominantly multifactorial etiology, social conditions, medication use, and the presence of comorbidities often act as direct or indirect contributing factors. Their management should focus on prevention, early diagnosis, and comprehensive care to maintain autonomy, functioning, and quality of life in this population group.
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